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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanem | om šapkalane |
| 2SG: | šapkalanet | ot šapkalane |
| 3SG: | šapkalana | ok/ogeš šapkalane |
| 1PL: | šapkalanena | ona/ogə̑na šapkalane |
| 2PL: | šapkalaneda | oda/ogə̑da šapkalane |
| 3PL: | šapkalanat | ogə̑t šapkalane |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanə̑šə̑m | šə̑m šapkalane |
| 2SG: | šapkalanə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ šapkalane |
| 3SG: | šapkalanə̑š | ə̑š šapkalane |
| 1PL: | šapkalanə̑šna | ə̑šna šapkalane |
| 2PL: | šapkalanə̑šda | ə̑šda šapkalane |
| 3PL: | šapkalanə̑št | ə̑št šapkalane |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanenam | šapkalanen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | šapkalanenat | šapkalanen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | šapkalanen | šapkalanen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | šapkalanenna | šapkalanen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | šapkalanenda | šapkalanen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | šapkalanenə̑t | šapkalanen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanem ə̑l'e | om šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapkalanet ə̑l'e | ot šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapkalana ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapkalanena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapkalaneda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapkalanat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t šapkalane ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanem ulmaš | om šapkalane ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šapkalanet ulmaš | ot šapkalane ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapkalana ulmaš | ok/ogeš šapkalane ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šapkalanena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na šapkalane ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šapkalaneda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da šapkalane ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapkalanat ulmaš | ogə̑t šapkalane ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanenam ə̑l'e | šapkalanen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapkalanenat ə̑l'e | šapkalanen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapkalanen ə̑l'e | šapkalanen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapkalanenna ə̑l'e | šapkalanen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapkalanenda ə̑l'e | šapkalanen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapkalanen ə̑l'e | šapkalanen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanenam ulmaš | šapkalanen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šapkalanenat ulmaš | šapkalanen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapkalanen ulmaš | šapkalanen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šapkalanenna ulmaš | šapkalanen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šapkalanenda ulmaš | šapkalanen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapkalanen ulmaš | šapkalanen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šapkalane | it šapkalane |
| 3SG: | šapkalanə̑že | ə̑nže šapkalane |
| 1PL: | (šapkalanena) | (ona/ogə̑na šapkalane) |
| 2PL: | šapkalanə̑za | ida šapkalane |
| 3PL: | šapkalanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št šapkalane |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanə̑nem | ə̑nem šapkalane |
| 2SG: | šapkalanə̑net | ə̑net šapkalane |
| 3SG: | šapkalanə̑neže | ə̑než šapkalane |
| 1PL: | šapkalanə̑nena | ə̑nena šapkalane |
| 2PL: | šapkalanə̑neda | ə̑neda šapkalane |
| 3PL: | šapkalanə̑nešt | ə̑nešt šapkalane |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapkalanə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapkalanə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapkalanə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapkalanə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapkalanə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda šapkalane ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapkalanə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt šapkalane ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šapkalanə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net šapkalane ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapkalanə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než šapkalane ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | šapkalanə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda šapkalane ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapkalanə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt šapkalane ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | šapkalanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | šapkalanə̑man |
| Active participle: | šapkalanə̑še |
| Passive participle: | šapkalanə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | šapkalanə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | šapkalanə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | šapkalanen |
| Negative gerund: | šapkalanə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | šapkalanə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | šapkalanə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | šapkalanə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | šapkalanə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | šapkalanə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||